Exposure

 Exposure triangle in photography

Aperture

Aperture are often defined because the opening during a lens through which light passes to enter the camera. it's a simple concept to know if you only believe how your eyes work. As you go between bright and dark environments, the iris in our eyes either enlarge or shrinks , controlling the opening diameter of your pupil. 

in photography, the pupil of the lens is known as the aperture. you'll shrink or enlarge the dimensions of the aperture to permit more or less light to succeed in your camera sensor. The image below shows an aperture during a lens. 

Aperture has several effects on your photographs. one among the foremost important is that the brightness, or exposure, of your images. As aperture changes in size, it alters the overall amount of sunshine that reaches your camera sensor – and thus the brightness of your image.
A larger aperture (a wide opening) will pass plenty of sunshine , resulting in a brighter photograph. a smaller aperture does just the other , making a photograph darker.

Another effect of aperture is depth of field. Depth of field is that the part of your photograph that appears sharp from front to back. Some images have a “shallow” depth of field, where the background is totally out of focus and blurred . some images have a “large” or depth of field, where both the foreground and background are sharp and in focus, The blurring effect will be less.

It will be shown as f numbers , as the f number decreases the shallower the depth of field will be and vice versa.

               f22 (everything will be in focus and it only allows less light)

 

           f 1.4 (only the subject is in focus and it allows more light)

ISO

ISO can increase or decrease the brightness of a photograph , but it also affects both noise level and dynamic range of an image. At the base(lowest) ISO setting, your image will have the little amount of noise and  gives very best dynamic range. it will give most flexibility in post-processing or editing a photo. As ISO is increased,the noise level increases and dynamic range of the image decreases also .

when we double the ISO value , we are doubling the brightness of the photo. So, a photo at ISO 400 will be twice brighter than ISO 200, which will be twice brighter than ISO 100.

                                   low ISO gives a cleaner image

                      higher iso gives a grainy and a bright image  

Shutter speed

Shutter speed is the time of which the shutter is open, it will be shown in seconds or fractions of a second 1 s,1/250 s, 1/ 500 s, etc. The faster the shutter speed will give us a sharp image and reduces amount of time which the sensor is exposed to light . the slow shutter speed will give motion blurs and increase the exposure time.

If you want freeze a image of moving object u should use higher shutter speed to get a sharp image , but this also reduces the amount of light entering the sensor.

Low shutter speed can be used to capture objects with no motion or small motion, it allows in more light into the sensor , but image will not be very sharp. long exposures can be used for taking extreme low light images.

 

 

 

  High shutter speed

 

  

                                               low shutter speed

Long exposure photography.

 What is long exposure photography?

 

As the name indicates, it’s a photographic style that involves using long exposures, or slow shutter speeds. By doing so, we’re ready to blur moving elements like water, cars, or clouds.
The exact definition is somewhat vague but the bulk of photographers agree that an extended exposure begins when the shutter speed is just too slow to capture a pointy handheld image. That exact shutter speed varies supported the camera and focal distance .
It’s not only landscape photographers who’ve grown to like the technique; it’s also popular among other genres like architecture, street, abstract- and culture photography. it's more common within certain areas of photography but the technique are often utilized in some ways .